![]() S-Severity-How would you rate the pain on a scale of 0-10?.R-Region or Radiation-Where is the pain? Does it radiate anywhere?.Q-Quality or quantity-Characteristics and duration. ![]() P-provocation or palliation-What brings on the pain? What relieves the pain?.Review how to assess a patient’s chief complaint using the PQRSTU method in the “ Health History” chapter. Have you had any pain or pressure in your chest, neck, or arm? Safety Note: If findings indicate current severe symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction or another critical condition, suspend the remaining cardiovascular assessment and obtain immediate assistance according to agency policy or call 911. Table 9.3a Interview Questions for Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Systems Symptom Information obtained from the interview process is used to tailor future patient education by the nurse. Table 9.3b outlines questions used to assess medical history, medications, and risk factors related to the cardiovascular system. Table 9.3a outlines questions used to assess symptoms related to the cardiovascular and peripheral vascular systems. ![]() Any new or worsening symptoms should be documented and reported to the health care provider. Symptoms related to the cardiovascular system include chest pain, peripheral edema, unexplained sudden weight gain, shortness of breath (dyspnea), irregular pulse rate or rhythm, dizziness, or poor peripheral circulation. The focused interview explores past medical and family history, medications, cardiac risk factors, and reported symptoms. To complete the subjective cardiovascular assessment, the nurse begins with a focused interview. The subjective assessment of the cardiovascular and peripheral vascular system is vital for uncovering signs of potential dysfunction. At times, assessment findings are modified according to life span considerations. Circulatory System: VeinsĪssessing the cardiovascular system includes performing several subjective and objective assessments. Figure 9.1 Structure of the Heart Figure 9.2 Blood Flow Through the Heart Figure 9.3 Conduction System of the Heart Figure 9.4 Circulatory System: Arteries Figure 9.5. The purpose of these figures is to facilitate understanding of the electrical and mechanical function of the heart within the cardiovascular system. Figure 9.4 illustrates the arteries of the circulatory system, and Figure 9.5 depicts the veins of the circulatory system. This image depicts the conduction pathway through the heart as the tissue responds to electrical stimulation. Figure 9.3 demonstrates the conduction system of the heart. At the same time, oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the left atria and ventricle via the pulmonary veins during diastole (indicated by red coloring of these structures) and then is pumped out to the body via the aorta during systole. The right ventricle then pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery during systole. Notice the flow of deoxygenated blood from the posterior and superior vena cava into the right atria and ventricle during diastole (indicated by blue coloring of these structures). Figure 9.2 demonstrates blood flow through the heart. Note the main cardiac structures are the atria, ventricles, and heart valves. Figure 9.1 provides an overview of the structure of the heart. In addition to the information provided in the “Review of Cardiac Basics” section, the following images provide an overview of the cardiovascular system. Understanding how to properly assess the cardiovascular system and identifying both normal and abnormal assessment findings will allow the nurse to provide quality, safe care to the patient.īefore assessing a patient’s cardiovascular system, it is important to understand the various functions of the cardiovascular system. A thorough assessment of the heart provides valuable information about the function of a patient’s cardiovascular system.
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